Amino Acid Metabolism and Autophagy in Skeletal Development and Homeostasis

Authors

Language

English

Publication Date

5-1-2021

Journal

Bone

DOI

10.1016/j.bone.2021.115881

PMID

33578033

PMCID

PMC8462526

PubMedCentral® Posted Date

5-1-2022

PubMedCentral® Full Text Version

Author MSS

Abstract

Bone is an active organ that is continuously remodeled throughout life via formation and resorption; therefore, a fine-tuned bone (re)modeling is crucial for bone homeostasis and is closely connected with energy metabolism. Amino acids are essential for various cellular functions as well as an energy source, and their synthesis and catabolism (e.g., metabolism of carbohydrates and fatty acids) are regulated through numerous enzymatic cascades. In addition, the intracellular levels of amino acids are maintained by autophagy, a cellular recycling system for proteins and organelles; under nutrient deprivation conditions, autophagy is strongly induced to compensate for cellular demands and to restore the amino acid pool. Metabolites derived from amino acids are known to be precursors of bioactive molecules such as second messengers and neurotransmitters, which control various cellular processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and homeostasis. Thus, amino acid metabolism and autophagy are tightly and reciprocally regulated in our bodies. This review discusses the current knowledge and potential links between bone diseases and deficiencies in amino acid metabolism and autophagy.

Keywords

Amino Acids, Autophagy, Energy Metabolism, Homeostasis

Published Open-Access

yes

Recommended Citation

, "Amino Acid Metabolism and Autophagy in Skeletal Development and Homeostasis" (2021). Faculty, Staff and Student Publications. 67.
https://digitalcommons.library.tmc.edu/uthdb_docs/67