Thromboembolism In Children With Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome: A Literature Review

Authors

Neethu M Menon
Lakshmi V Srivaths

Language

English

Publication Date

10-1-2022

Journal

Pediatric Research

DOI

10.1038/s41390-021-01873-0

PMID

35031708

PMCID

PMC8758928

PubMedCentral® Posted Date

January 2022

PubMedCentral® Full Text Version

Post-print

Abstract

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a hyperinflammatory response observed in children several weeks to months after acute infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). On review of all published cases of thromboembolism (TE) as a complication of MIS-C, 33 cases of TE were found with incidence ranging from 1.4 to 6.5%. TE occurred mostly in children aged 12 years and above. One-third of the cases were cerebral infarcts and the remaining cases included intracardiac and radial arterial thromboses, upper and lower extremity deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and splenic infarcts. Five were asymptomatic cases and 3/33 (9%) patients (all three with cerebral infarcts) died. To conclude, TE appears to be a significant complication of MIS-C caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection, associated with morbidity and/or mortality. Patients ≥12 years are affected more often, and TE occurs despite thromboprophylaxis in some patients. Thromboprophylaxis should be considered in all cases after reviewing the concomitant bleeding risk. Prospective studies are needed to confirm the role of standard-dose thromboprophylaxis and to explore whether higher-dose thromboprophylaxis is required in certain high-risk patients with MIS-C.

Keywords

Child, Humans, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Anticoagulants, Venous Thromboembolism, Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome, Cerebral Infarction

Published Open-Access

yes

Recommended Citation

Neethu M Menon and Lakshmi V Srivaths, "Thromboembolism In Children With Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome: A Literature Review" (2022). Faculty, Staff and Student Publications. 2254.
https://digitalcommons.library.tmc.edu/uthmed_docs/2254