Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Language

English

Publication Date

6-29-2024

Journal

Brain Sciences

DOI

10.3390/brainsci14070669

PMID

39061410

PMCID

PMC11274572

PubMedCentral® Posted Date

June 2024

PubMedCentral® Full Text Version

Post-print

Abstract

Deficits in memory performance have been linked to a wide range of neurological and neuropsychiatric conditions. While many studies have assessed the memory impacts of individual conditions, this study considers a broader perspective by evaluating how memory recall is differentially associated with nine common neuropsychiatric conditions using data drawn from 55 international studies, aggregating 15,883 unique participants aged 15–90. The effects of dementia, mild cognitive impairment, Parkinson’s disease, traumatic brain injury, stroke, depression, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder on immediate, short-, and long-delay verbal learning and memory (VLM) scores were estimated relative to matched healthy individuals. Random forest models identified age, years of education, and site as important VLM covariates. A Bayesian harmonization approach was used to isolate and remove site effects. Regression estimated the adjusted association of each clinical group with VLM scores. Memory deficits were strongly associated with dementia and schizophrenia (p < 0.001), while neither depression nor ADHD showed consistent associations with VLM scores (p > 0.05). Differences associated with clinical conditions were larger for longer delayed recall duration items. By comparing VLM across clinical conditions, this study provides a foundation for enhanced diagnostic precision and offers new insights into disease management of comorbid disorders.

Keywords

verbal learning, memory, dementia, depression, Parkinson’s disease, schizophrenia, stroke, traumatic brain injury, bipolar disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Published Open-Access

yes

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