Large Language Models for Healthcare Data Augmentation: An Example on Patient-Trial Matching

Authors

Jiayi Yuan
Ruixiang Tang
Xiaoqian Jiang
Xia Hu

Publication Date

1-1-2023

Journal

AMIA Summits on Translational Science Proceedings

Abstract

The process of matching patients with suitable clinical trials is essential for advancing medical research and providing optimal care. However, current approaches face challenges such as data standardization, ethical considerations, and a lack of interoperability between Electronic Health Records (EHRs) and clinical trial criteria. In this paper, we explore the potential of large language models (LLMs) to address these challenges by leveraging their advanced natural language generation capabilities to improve compatibility between EHRs and clinical trial descriptions. We propose an innovative privacy-aware data augmentation approach for LLM-based patient-trial matching (LLM-PTM), which balances the benefits of LLMs while ensuring the security and confidentiality of sensitive patient data. Our experiments demonstrate a 7.32% average improvement in performance using the proposed LLM-PTM method, and the generalizability to new data is improved by 12.12%. Additionally, we present case studies to further illustrate the effectiveness of our approach and provide a deeper understanding of its underlying principles.

Keywords

Humans, Computer Security, Electronic Health Records, Confidentiality, Privacy, Delivery of Health Care

PMID

38222339

PMCID

PMC10785941

PubMedCentral® Posted Date

1-11-2024

PubMedCentral® Full Text Version

Post-print

Published Open-Access

yes