Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Language

English

Publication Date

12-19-2025

Journal

Science Advances

DOI

10.1126/sciadv.adw4917

PMID

41406216

PMCID

PMC12710691

PubMedCentral® Posted Date

12-17-2025

PubMedCentral® Full Text Version

Post-print

Abstract

Sporadic early-onset Alzheimer’s disease (sEOAD) represents a substantial but less-studied subtype of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Here, we generated a single-nucleus multiome atlas derived from the postmortem prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex, and hippocampus of nine individuals with or without sEOAD. Comprehensive analyses were conducted to delineate cell type–specific transcriptomic changes and linked candidate cis-regulatory elements (cCREs) across brain regions. We prioritized eight conservative transcription factors in glial cells in multiple brain regions, including RFX4 in astrocytes and IKZF1 in microglia, which are implicated in regulating sEOAD-associated genes. Moreover, we identified the top 25 altered intercellular signaling between glial cells and neurons, highlighting their regulatory potential on gene expression in receiver cells. We reported 33 cCREs linked to sEOAD-associated genes overlapped with late-onset AD risk loci, and found that, in addition, sEOAD cCREs are enriched for neuropsychiatric disorder risk variants. This atlas helps dissect transcriptional and chromatin dynamics in sEOAD, providing a key resource for AD research.

Keywords

Humans, Alzheimer Disease, Brain, Male, Female, Transcriptome, Gene Expression Regulation, Transcription Factors, Aged, Hippocampus, Entorhinal Cortex, Multiomics

Published Open-Access

yes

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