Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Language

English

Publication Date

1-1-2025

Journal

IEEE Intelligent Systems

DOI

10.1109/mis.2025.3549484

PMID

40585432

PMCID

PMC12204593

PubMedCentral® Posted Date

5-1-2026

PubMedCentral® Full Text Version

Author MSS

Abstract

Today, data-driven models and artificial intelligence / machine learning underlie decision making in almost all aspects of society. However, significant concerns have been raised over the fairness of such models. While various aspects of algorithmic fairness have been studied, the effect of missing data on fairness remains understudied. This is a significant problem since data in real-world settings is almost never complete, and may often suffer from systemic missingness. This article systematically evaluates how missing data, particularly when correlated with protected classes and outcome variables, affects the fairness of classifiers. Utilizing a comprehensive framework covering various missing data patterns, rates, and mitigation methods, we analyze 150 experimental dataset variants derived from real-world scenarios, and find that missing data correlated with sensitive attributes and outcomes can exacerbate disparities, even for little missingness, making it crucial to address missingness in fairness evaluations.

Published Open-Access

yes

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