Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Language

English

Publication Date

1-1-2026

Journal

Statistical Methods in Medical Research

DOI

10.1177/09622802251393610

PMID

41232074

PMCID

PMC12783371

PubMedCentral® Posted Date

11-13-2025

PubMedCentral® Full Text Version

Post-print

Abstract

Continuous-time Markov chain (CTMC) models and latent classification methods are commonly used to analyze longitudinal categorical outcomes in medical research. While CTMC models are popular for their simplicity and effectiveness, their assumption of constant transition rates presents limitations in capturing dynamic behaviors. To address this, non-homogeneous continuous-time Markov chains (NH-CTMCs) have been developed, incorporating time-varying transition rates to enhance model flexibility. In this study, we leverage closed-form transition probabilities for a fully ergodic two-state NH-CTMC model and propose a latent class clustering approach to identify heterogeneous transition rate patterns within the population. We emphasize the potential advantages of these models in health sciences, particularly for longitudinal studies where transition rates vary over time and across subgroups. Additionally, we demonstrate the practical application of our model using data from an ambulatory hypertension monitoring study.

Keywords

Markov Chains, Longitudinal Studies, Humans, Models, Statistical, Hypertension, Time Factors, Latent Class Analysis, Longitudinal categorical data, continuous-time Markov chain, time-dependent transition modeling, latent class analysis, heterogeneous state transitions

Published Open-Access

yes

Included in

Public Health Commons

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