Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Language

English

Publication Date

5-13-2026

Journal

International Journal of Workplace Health Management

DOI

10.1108/ijwhm-05-2025-0105

PMID

42147802

PMCID

PMC13175147

PubMedCentral® Posted Date

5-15-2026

PubMedCentral® Full Text Version

Author MSS

Abstract

Purpose –: This project explored COVID-19 workplace hazards and factors influencing the implementation of risk mitigation approaches among small businesses in a high-risk community.

Design/methodology/approach –: Using a novel framework, data were collected from 90 workplaces through site visits and consultations with at least one owner, manager or supervisor ("employer") and at least one non-managerial staff member ("employee"). A risk assessment and mitigation plan were prepared based on site-specific hazards; later, a follow-up visit assessed whether recommendations had been implemented and factors influencing these decisions.

Findings –: A total of 84 businesses (93.3%) implemented at least one recommendation, citing ease and staff and/or customer preferences as motivating factors; businesses that did not implement controls doubted their effectiveness and/or reported lack of feasibility. Although employers and employees generally agreed on job-related exposures, discrepancies existed that may have underestimated employees' time at risk. Importantly, this project provides evidence that small business owners are receptive to - and, often, eager for - targeted occupational health and safety information and support.

Originality/value –: To our knowledge, this is the first effort to provide small businesses with worksite-specific respiratory disease risk assessments and tailored remediation plans as well as the first to assess their willingness to implement such recommendations.

Keywords

Workplace infection control, Worksite disease risk mitigation, Small to medium-sized enterprises, Vulnerable workers

Published Open-Access

yes

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