Delays in Hepatitis B Immunization Series Completion in People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Authors

Daanish Sheikh
Kristen A Staggers
Jennifer Carey
Wendy A Keitel
Robert L Atmar
Hana M El Sahly
Jennifer A Whitaker

Publication Date

11-1-2023

Journal

Open Forum Infectious Diseases

DOI

10.1093/ofid/ofad543

PMID

38033987

PMCID

PMC10686353

PubMedCentral® Posted Date

11-3-2023

PubMedCentral® Full Text Version

Post-print

Published Open-Access

yes

Keywords

hepatitis, hepatitis B, human immunodeficiency virus, immunization, vaccination

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Studies have demonstrated low hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine series completion among persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

METHODS: We conducted a retrospective record review of persons entering HIV care at 2 clinics in Houston, Texas, between 2010 and 2018. Kaplan-Meier curves summarized time to receipt of HBV vaccines for those eligible for vaccination. We estimated the proportions of patients who had received 1, 2, or 3 HBV vaccine doses at 12 and 24 months after entry to care. A Prentice Williams and Peterson total time model was used to evaluate associations between patient characteristics and time to vaccination.

RESULTS: Of the 5357 patients who entered care, 2718 were eligible for HBV vaccination. After 2 years of follow-up, 51.2% of those eligible had received 1 HBV vaccine, 43.2% had received 2, and 28.4% received 3 vaccines. With adjustment for significant cofactors, patients whose CD4 cell count was ≥200/μL (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.43 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.29-1.59]) and transgender patients (1.49 [1.08-2.04]) received any given vaccine dose sooner than those with CD4 cell counts <200/μL or cisgender patients, respectively. Compared with non-Hispanic whites, Hispanic patients were vaccinated sooner (aHR, 1.28 [95% CI, 1.07-1.53]). Those with an active substance use history had a significantly longer time to vaccination than those with no substance use history (aHR, 0.73 [95% CI, .62-.85]).

CONCLUSIONS: Strategies are needed to increase HBV vaccine completion rates in our study population, particularly among those with CD4 cell counts <200/μL or with a substance use disorder.