Language
English
Publication Date
1-1-2023
Journal
American Journal of Physiology: Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology
DOI
10.1152/ajpgi.00152.2022
PMID
36414538
PMCID
PMC9799139
PubMedCentral® Posted Date
11-22-2022
PubMedCentral® Full Text Version
Post-print
Abstract
Viruses are among the most prevalent enteric pathogens. Although virologists historically relied on cell lines and animal models, human intestinal organoids (HIOs) continue to grow in popularity. HIOs are nontransformed, stem cell-derived, ex vivo cell cultures that maintain the cell type diversity of the intestinal epithelium. They offer higher throughput than standard animal models while more accurately mimicking the native tissue of infection than transformed cell lines. Here, we review recent literature that highlights virological advances facilitated by HIOs. We discuss the variations and limitations of HIOs, how HIOs have allowed for the cultivation of previously uncultivatable viruses, and how they have offered insight into tropism, entry, replication kinetics, and host-pathogen interactions. In each case, we discuss exemplary viruses and archetypal studies. We discuss how the speed and flexibility of HIO-based studies contributed to our knowledge of SARS-CoV-2 and antiviral therapeutics. Finally, we discuss the current limitations of HIOs and future directions to overcome these.
Keywords
Animals, Humans, Cell Differentiation, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Intestines, Intestinal Mucosa, Organoids, enteric, intestine, organoids, virology, virus
Published Open-Access
yes
Recommended Citation
Gebert, J Thomas; Scribano, Francesca; Engevik, Kristen A; et al., "Gastrointestinal Organoids in the Study of Viral Infections" (2023). Faculty, Staff and Students Publications. 6198.
https://digitalcommons.library.tmc.edu/baylor_docs/6198
Graphical Abstract