Publication Date

11-1-2025

Journal

European Journal of Heart Failure

DOI

10.1002/ejhf.3683

PMID

40425519

PMCID

PMC12765049

PubMedCentral® Posted Date

5-27-2025

PubMedCentral® Full Text Version

Post-print

Abstract

The high disease burden and bidirectional relationship of chronic kidney disease (CKD), heart failure (HF) and other cardiovascular disease (CVD) necessitate the need for early diagnosis of these diseases. While current screening and detection methods are recommended by CKD and CVD guidelines, their adoption in practice is low. Urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR) is recognized as a diagnostic marker for CKD and a prognostic marker for CKD progression, HF and CVD outcomes, therefore albuminuria changes have been accepted as a surrogate outcome for kidney and cardiovascular endpoints. Furthermore, clinical trials investigating guideline-directed medical therapies have shown that uACR reductions are accompanied by risk reductions for cardiovascular, HF and other CKD outcomes. However, uACR is not routinely measured in patients at risk of kidney and heart disease, and its utility for detection, risk stratification and prediction models may not be fully appreciated in routine clinical practice. This review will discuss the effectiveness and implications of uACR screening as a method for heart and kidney disease diagnosis and risk assessment.

Keywords

Humans, Albuminuria, Heart Failure, Biomarkers, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic, Creatinine, Risk Assessment, Cardiovascular Diseases, Prognosis, Cardiovascular disease, Chronic kidney disease, Detection, Diagnosis, Heart failure, Risk assessment, Screening, Urine albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio

Published Open-Access

yes

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