Language

English

Publication Date

1-1-2025

Journal

Journal of Clinical Lipidology

DOI

10.1016/j.jacl.2025.02.008

PMID

40155283

Abstract

Background: Chylomicronemia is characterized by fasting triglyceride (TG) ≥1000 mg/dL; its longitudinal course is not well studied.

Methods: Using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data (1999-2018; n = 21,998), we determined chylomicronemia prevalence and temporal trend. Using Mayo Clinic data (4,524,506 TG measurements for 1,294,044 individuals), we studied the longitudinal course and ascertained persistent chylomicronemia (PC), defined as TG ≥1000 mg/dL in more than half the measurements for individuals with ≥3 measurements. We used logistic regression to assess factors associated with PC.

Results: In NHANES, the prevalence of chylomicronemia was 0.20% overall, with higher prevalence in men (0.32%) and Hispanics (0.33%). Chylomicronemia prevalence declined from 0.34% in 1999-2004 to 0.11% in 2013-2018, while lipid-lowering pharmacotherapy use in chylomicronemia patients increased from 5.3% to 51.9%. In the Mayo Clinic data, 5618 individuals (0.43%) had at least 1 episode of chylomicronemia. Of these, 8.8% (390 of 4443 with ≥3 measurements) met the operational definition for PC. In individuals with TG < 150 mg/dL, 1.3% had a diagnosis of acute pancreatitis, and 0.6% had chronic pancreatitis. Respective figures for individuals with nonpersistent chylomicronemia were 12.5% and 5.1%, and for individuals with PC were 26.2% and 11.5%. Younger age, Hispanic ethnicity, prior pancreatitis, and higher TG levels were associated with PC.

Conclusion: In the US, 1 in ∼500 adults has chylomicronemia and 1 in ∼5500 has PC. Individuals with PC have high occurrence of acute and chronic pancreatitis and may need more effective treatment.

Keywords

Humans, Male, Female, Middle Aged, Adult, Longitudinal Studies, Nutrition Surveys, Prevalence, Triglycerides, United States, Aged, Hyperlipoproteinemia Type I, Young Adult, Adolescent, Chylomicronemia, Epidemiology, Pancreatitis, Triglycerides

Published Open-Access

yes

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