2026 Clinical Practice Guideline Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society on The Management of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Infants and Children Older than 3 Months of Age: The Use of Pleural Fluid Drainage versus Observation

Authors

• Shawn D St Peter
• Krow Ampofo
• Thomas Brogan
• Michael D Cabana
• Claudia Espinosa
• Todd A Florin
• Jeffrey S Gerber
• Michelle Gill
• Debra L Palazzi
• Mark Sawyer
• Angela M Statile
• Derek J Williams
• Sheena Patel
• Mark I Neuman
• Samir S Shah

Language

English

Publication Date

3-16-2026

Journal

Clinical Infectious Diseases

DOI

10.1093/cid/ciag188

PMID

41834682

PubMedCentral® Posted Date

3-16-2026

PubMedCentral® Full Text Version

Post-print

Abstract

This paper is part of a larger clinical practice guideline on the diagnosis and management of parapneumonic effusion and empyema in children, developed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. In this paper, the panel provides recommendations for pleural fluid drainage in children (3 months to 18 years) with parapneumonic effusion and empyema. The panel's recommendations are based upon evidence derived from systematic literature reviews and adhere to a standardized methodology for rating the certainty of evidence and strength of recommendation according to the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) approach.

Keywords

Pneumonia, empyema, parapneumonic effusion, thoracentesis

Published Open-Access

yes

Recommended Citation

St Peter, Shawn D; Ampofo, Krow; Brogan, Thomas; et al., "2026 Clinical Practice Guideline Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society on The Management of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Infants and Children Older than 3 Months of Age: The Use of Pleural Fluid Drainage versus Observation" (2026). Faculty, Staff and Students Publications. 7644.
https://digitalcommons.library.tmc.edu/baylor_docs/7644