Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Publication Date

7-1-2025

Journal

Cancer Letters

DOI

10.1016/j.canlet.2025.217591

PMID

40054660

PMCID

PMC12040592

PubMedCentral® Posted Date

7-1-2026

PubMedCentral® Full Text Version

Post-print

Abstract

Understanding disease progression and sophisticated tumor ecosystems is imperative for investigating tumorigenesis mechanisms and developing novel prevention strategies. Here, we dissected heterogeneous microenvironments during malignant transitions by leveraging data from 1396 samples spanning 13 major tissues. Within transitional stem-like subpopulations highly enriched in precancers and cancers, we identified 30 recurring cellular states strongly linked to malignancy, including hypoxia and epithelial senescence, revealing a high degree of plasticity in epithelial stem cells. By characterizing dynamics in stem-cell crosstalk with the microenvironment along the pseudotime axis, we found differential roles of ANXA1 at different stages of tumor development. In precancerous stages, reduced ANXA1 levels promoted monocyte differentiation toward M1 macrophages and inflammatory responses, whereas during malignant progression, upregulated ANXA1 fostered M2 macrophage polarization and cancer-associated fibroblast transformation by increasing TGF-β production. Our spatiotemporal analysis further provided insights into mechanisms responsible for immunosuppression and a potential target to control evolution of precancer and mitigate the risk for cancer development.

Keywords

Humans, Tumor Microenvironment, Neoplastic Stem Cells, Cell Transformation, Neoplastic, Neoplasms, Cell Differentiation, Macrophages, Transforming Growth Factor beta, Disease Progression

Published Open-Access

yes

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