Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Language

English

Publication Date

11-1-2025

Journal

Arthritis & Rheumatology

DOI

10.1002/art.43237

PMID

40386907

PMCID

PMC12353935

PubMedCentral® Posted Date

7-22-2025

PubMedCentral® Full Text Version

Post-print

Abstract

Objective: Raynaud phenomenon (RP) is often the initial clinical manifestation of systemic sclerosis (SSc), but some patients develop other manifestations first. To help elucidate the diversity of SSc presentation in its early stages, we describe the initial clinical manifestations and antinuclear antibody (ANA) profiles of patients in two early SSc cohorts.

Methods: All patient data in the Genetics vs Environment in Scleroderma Outcomes Study (GENISOS) and Collaborative National Quality and Efficacy Registry (CONQUER) cohorts were reviewed. Both studies enrolled patients within five years of the first non-RP symptom.

Results: In GENISOS and CONQUER, respectively, 194 (44.2%) of 439 and 292 (31.1%) of 938 patients had a non-RP initial symptom, most commonly puffy fingers/hands. Black patients had a non-RP symptom before RP more commonly than patients in other race and ethnicity categories. Non-RP first patients were more likely than RP first patients to have diffuse cutaneous involvement and joint contractures at enrollment and had a higher prevalence of RNA polymerase III antibody positivity.

Conclusion: In two large US cohorts, >30% of patients began to manifest SSc with puffy fingers/hands or other symptoms, without the "warning sign" of RP as their initial symptom. These patients presented with more severe skin and musculoskeletal disease on average, highlighting the importance of early recognition. The most common autoantibody associated with this presentation was RNA polymerase III. These results should be considered in efforts to recognize SSc in its earliest stages. Puffy fingers/hands, even in the absence of RP, should prompt consideration of early SSc and testing for ANA and SSc-associated autoantibodies, including RNA polymerase III.

Keywords

Adult, Aged, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Antibodies, Antinuclear, Black or African American, Cohort Studies, Contracture, Edema, Hand, Prevalence, Raynaud Disease, RNA Polymerase III, Scleroderma, Systemic, United States

Published Open-Access

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