Faculty, Staff and Student Publications
Publication Date
5-30-2023
Journal
Cell Reports
DOI
10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112443
PMID
37104089
PMCID
PMC10279473
PubMedCentral® Posted Date
June 2023
PubMedCentral® Full Text Version
Author MSS
Abstract
Omicron subvariants continuingly challenge current vaccination strategies. Here, we demonstrate nearly complete escape of the XBB.1.5, CH.1.1, and CA.3.1 variants from neutralizing antibodies stimulated by three doses of mRNA vaccine or by BA.4/5 wave infection, but neutralization is rescued by a BA.5-containing bivalent booster. CH.1.1 and CA.3.1 show strong immune escape from monoclonal antibody S309. Additionally, XBB.1.5, CH.1.1, and CA.3.1 spike proteins exhibit increased fusogenicity and enhanced processing compared with BA.2. Homology modeling reveals the key roles of G252V and F486P in the neutralization resistance of XBB.1.5, with F486P also enhancing receptor binding. Further, K444T/M and L452R in CH.1.1 and CA.3.1 likely drive escape from class II neutralizing antibodies, whereas R346T and G339H mutations could confer the strong neutralization resistance of these two subvariants to S309-like antibodies. Overall, our results support the need for administration of the bivalent mRNA vaccine and continued surveillance of Omicron subvariants.
Keywords
Antibodies, Neutralizing, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Antibody Formation, Mutation, RNA, Messenger, Vaccines, Combined, Antibodies, Viral
Published Open-Access
yes
Recommended Citation
Qu, Panke; Faraone, Julia N; Evans, John P; et al., "Enhanced Evasion of Neutralizing Antibody Response by Omicron XBB15, CH11, and CA31 Variants" (2023). Faculty, Staff and Student Publications. 2397.
https://digitalcommons.library.tmc.edu/uthgsbs_docs/2397
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