USP37 Counteracts HLTF To Protect Damaged Replication Forks and Promote Survival of BRCA1-Deficient Cells and PARP Inhibitor Resistance

Authors

Mengfan Tang
Siting Li
Ziqiang Zhu
Chao Wang
Shuai Ding
Huimin Zhang
Min Huang
Sarah Keast
Zhen Chen
Ling Yin
Litong Nie
Dan Su
Xu Feng
Junjie Chen

Publication Date

6-20-2025

Journal

Nucleic Acids Research

DOI

10.1093/nar/gkaf544

PMID

40548939

PMCID

PMC12205991

PubMedCentral® Posted Date

6-23-2025

PubMedCentral® Full Text Version

Post-print

Abstract

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) have greatly improved survival of cancer patients harboring BRCA1 mutations. However, therapy resistance develops via either restoration of homologous recombination or replication fork stabilization. Therapeutic targets to overcome PARPi resistance are critically needed. We identified the deubiquitinase USP37 as a key determinant of PARPi toxicity in BRCA1-deficient cells via whole-genome CRISPR screens. USP37 ablation enhanced PARPi sensitivity in BRCA1-deficient cells and also overcame PARPi resistance due to 53BP1 loss. USP37 interacts with and deubiquitinates replication protein A (RPA) at stalled replication forks to limit excessive RPA accumulation, progressive RPA exhaustion, and the conversion of RPA-coated single-stranded DNAs to DNA double-strand breaks. Moreover, USP37 limits helicase-like transcription factor (HLTF) accumulation at replication forks and thus prevents MRE11-dependent fork degradation upon replication stress. Depletion of HLTF reversed the replication-associated damage observed in USP37 knockout cells. Our data suggest that USP37 protects replication fork stability by counteracting HLTF function and promotes survival of BRCA1-deficient cells, making it a promising drug target to overcome PARPi resistance in BRCA1-deficient tumors.

Keywords

Humans, BRCA1 Protein, Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors, Drug Resistance, Neoplasm, DNA Replication, Replication Protein A, DNA-Binding Proteins, Cell Survival, Cell Line, Tumor, Tumor Suppressor p53-Binding Protein 1, DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded, MRE11 Homologue Protein, Transcription Factors

Published Open-Access

yes

Recommended Citation

Tang, Mengfan; Li, Siting; Zhu, Ziqiang; et al., "USP37 Counteracts HLTF To Protect Damaged Replication Forks and Promote Survival of BRCA1-Deficient Cells and PARP Inhibitor Resistance" (2025). Faculty, Staff and Student Publications. 4297.
https://digitalcommons.library.tmc.edu/uthgsbs_docs/4297