Prognostic Significance of p16 and Its Relationship with Human Papillomavirus Status in Patients with Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Results of 5 Years Follow-Up

Authors

Jad Chahoud
Niki M Zacharias
Rachel Pham
Wei Qiao
Ming Guo
Xin Lu
Angelita Alaniz
Luis Segarra
Magaly Martinez-Ferrer
Frederico Omar Gleber-Netto
Curtis R Pickering
Priya Rao
Curtis A Pettaway

Publication Date

12-7-2022

Journal

Cancers

DOI

10.3390/cancers14246024

PMID

36551510

PMCID

PMC9775956

PubMedCentral® Posted Date

12-7-2022

PubMedCentral® Full Text Version

Post-print

Abstract

Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma (PSCC) is associated with high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV). The immunohistochemical (IHC) test for p16INK4a (p16) is highly correlated with HR-HPV expression in other SCCs. To investigate whether the expression of p16 IHC or HR-HPV is associated with survival in PSCC, we conducted a single institution analysis of 143 patients with a diagnosis of PSCC and, available tissue were tested for p16 IHC staining patterns, histological subtype, tumor grade, and lymphovascular invasion (LVI) by an experienced pathologist. HR-HPV status using the Cobas PCR Assay or the RNAScope high-risk HPV in situ hybridization kit were also assessed. Patient characteristics were summarized using descriptive statistics of clinico-pathologic variables. Kaplan-Meier was used to estimate median overall survival (OS), cancer specific survival (CSS) and correlated with HPV, p16, and other study variables. Patients with p16+ tumors had a significantly longer median CSS in comparison to the p16- group (p = 0.004), with respective 5-year CSS probability of 88% (95% CI; 0.84, 1) versus 58% (95% CI; 0.55, 0.76; p = 0.004). HPV status did not predict survival outcomes. Multivariable analysis with respect to OS and CSS, showed that p16+ status was associated with a lower risk of death (HR = 0.36, 95%CI; 0.20-0.67, p = 0.001), and improved CSS (HR = 0.20, 95% CI; 0.07-0.54, p = 0.002) after adjusting for covariates. In conclusion, tumor p16 status via IHC was an easy to perform independent prognostic factor for OS and CSS that correlates with HR-HPV expression.

Keywords

penile squamous cell carcinoma, human papillomavirus, p16, CDKN2A, overall survival, cancer specific survival

Published Open-Access

yes

Recommended Citation

Chahoud, Jad; Zacharias, Niki M; Pham, Rachel; et al., "Prognostic Significance of p16 and Its Relationship with Human Papillomavirus Status in Patients with Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Results of 5 Years Follow-Up" (2022). Faculty, Staff and Student Publications. 5192.
https://digitalcommons.library.tmc.edu/uthgsbs_docs/5192