Faculty, Staff and Student Publications
Language
English
Publication Date
12-7-2025
Journal
Cancers
DOI
10.3390/cancers17243917
PMID
41463169
PMCID
PMC12730945
PubMedCentral® Posted Date
12-7-2025
PubMedCentral® Full Text Version
Post-print
Abstract
Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized cancer treatment by providing durable survival gains, but understanding their effects on patient health-related quality of life (HRQL) is critical.
Methods: We performed a narrative review of cross-sectional surveys, early-phase trials, and large-scale phase II and III randomized controlled clinical trials assessing FDA-approved ICIs, including programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitors, programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors, and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) inhibitors, with emphasis on patient-reported HRQL. Validated HRQL instruments were summarized, and for pivotal trials, the positioning of HRQL outcomes as primary, secondary, or exploratory endpoints was taken from original protocols or primary manuscripts.
Results: ICIs generally preserved or improved HRQL in patients with various malignancies compared with chemotherapy, targeted therapies, or observation. PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors maintained global health and function and delayed symptom progression in patients with lung cancer, melanoma, and renal cell carcinoma. Regimens combining CTLA-4 blockade and PD-1/PD-L1 inhibition (e.g., nivolumab + ipilimumab, durvalumab + tremelimumab) are associated with HRQL outcomes similar or superior to those of targeted therapies. Overall, most immune-related adverse effects were short-term and did not diminish HRQL benefits.
Conclusions: ICIs extend survival while preserving, and often enhancing, patient HRQL. These medications represent a shift in oncology, offering not just longer life but also better daily well-being. Continued long-term patient-reported outcome monitoring is essential to guide survivorship care in the immunotherapy era.
Keywords
immunotherapy, cancer survivorship, immuno-oncology, health utility, symptom burden
Published Open-Access
yes
Recommended Citation
Dunker, Alexandra M; Malik, Neha; Krause, Kathryn J; et al., "Health-Related Quality of Life in the Era of Immune Checkpoint Blockade: What Do Patient-Reported Outcomes Reveal?" (2025). Faculty, Staff and Student Publications. 5967.
https://digitalcommons.library.tmc.edu/uthgsbs_docs/5967
Included in
Bioinformatics Commons, Biomedical Informatics Commons, Genetic Phenomena Commons, Medical Genetics Commons, Oncology Commons