Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Ju-Seog Lee

Language

English

Publication Date

1-1-2026

Journal

Journal of Gastric Cancer

DOI

10.5230/jgc.2026.26.e12

PMID

41517845

PMCID

PMC12802024

PubMedCentral® Posted Date

1-5-2026

PubMedCentral® Full Text Version

Post-print

Abstract

Gastric cancer is a biologically heterogeneous disease. The advent of high-throughput multi-omic technologies has revolutionized our understanding of gastric cancer by deconstructing this heterogeneous entity into distinct and more homogeneous molecular subtypes. Early classifications based on gene expression, methylation, and histology have laid the groundwork for multi-omic frameworks proposed by The Cancer Genome Atlas and Asian Cancer Research Group, which established the foundation of modern molecular taxonomy. Subsequent integrative efforts, particularly the Consensus Genomic Subtypes (Super 6) model, have unified this collected information into clinically relevant subtypes that bridge prognostic stratification with treatment strategies. Established biomarkers such as human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 amplification, microsatellite instability, and programmed death-ligand 1 expression are now used clinically to guide treatment with targeted agents and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Emerging single-cell and spatial transcriptomic analyses have further refined this landscape by deconstructing tumor microenvironments and potential evolutionary trajectories associated with disease progression. This review examines the evolution of molecular classification systems for gastric cancer, highlights current consensus frameworks, and discusses how subtype-based stratification will transform clinical trial design and enable biomarker-driven precision therapy.

Keywords

Humans, Stomach Neoplasms, Consensus, Precision Medicine, Multiomics, Molecular Diagnostic Techniques, Biomarkers, Tumor, Genomics, Classification, Diagnosis, Biomarkers

Published Open-Access

yes

Download

Share

COinS
 
 

To view the content in your browser, please download Adobe Reader or, alternately,
you may Download the file to your hard drive.

NOTE: The latest versions of Adobe Reader do not support viewing PDF files within Firefox on Mac OS and if you are using a modern (Intel) Mac, there is no official plugin for viewing PDF files within the browser window.