Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Language

English

Publication Date

3-13-2026

Journal

Cell Reports

DOI

10.1016/j.celrep.2026.117098

PMID

41832954

Abstract

Cancer is an evolutionary process characterized by profound intratumor heterogeneity (ITH), which can be quantified using in silico estimates of cancer cell fractions (CCFs) of tumor-specific somatic mutations. We demonstrate a data-driven approach based on CCF distributions to identify 4 robust pan-cancer evolutionary signatures from 4,146 tumors across 17 cancer types in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). These signatures define a continuum of cancer cell fractions reflecting neutral evolution, clonal expansion, and clonal fixation. Correlating evolutionary signatures with mutational and biological programs reveals that tumors enriched for clonal expansion and fixation are associated with immune evasion and distinct changes in the tumor immune microenvironment. Our analysis reveals a dynamic shift from adaptive to innate immune programs as tumors progress toward clonal fixation and escape immune surveillance, accompanied by the clonal expansion of driver genes modulating tumor-stroma interactions. These evolutionary dynamic subtypes are further associated with clinical outcomes and immunotherapy responses.

Keywords

CP: cancer, CP: genomics, cancer evolution, evolutionary dynamics, intratumor heterogeneity, machine learning, pan-cancer, tumor immune microenvironment

Published Open-Access

yes

fx1 (1).jpg (51 kB)
Graphical Abstract

Share

COinS
 
 

To view the content in your browser, please download Adobe Reader or, alternately,
you may Download the file to your hard drive.

NOTE: The latest versions of Adobe Reader do not support viewing PDF files within Firefox on Mac OS and if you are using a modern (Intel) Mac, there is no official plugin for viewing PDF files within the browser window.