Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Language

English

Publication Date

12-21-2025

Journal

The Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer

DOI

10.1136/jitc-2025-012280

PMID

41423269

PMCID

PMC12718562

PubMedCentral® Posted Date

12-21-2025

PubMedCentral® Full Text Version

Post-print

Abstract

Multiplex immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry (mIF/IHC) are increasingly employed antibody-based technologies that use tissue sparingly and facilitate the detection of co-localized or neighboring biomarkers. Specifically, these platforms enable spatial analyses of the tumor microenvironment as well as extended applications, for example, describing normal tissue anatomy, autoimmunity, infectious diseases, etc. mIF/IHC has greatly enhanced biomarker discovery efforts, and a growing number of studies suggest superiority to traditional IHC. Standardization of staining approaches, reporting of image analysis strategies and resultant data is critical for facilitating cross-study comparisons, validation, deployment, and generalization of findings. To address this challenge, The Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) previously published two articles providing best practice guidelines for mIF/IHC staining, image analysis, and data sharing. Here, SITC convened stakeholders to develop the third article in the series, a consensus checklist for scientific reporting of mIF/IHC data to support and complement the best practice guidelines. The checklist includes critical components of mIF/IHC applications to be defined within publications such as detailed descriptions of analytical validation; image acquisition, selection, and registration methods; and cell clustering and spatial analysis strategies, amongst others. Such information will help with data reproducibility and comparison across studies towards future drug and assay development.

Keywords

Humans, Immunohistochemistry, Neoplasms, Immunotherapy, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Tumor Microenvironment, Biomarkers, Tumor, Pathology, Biomarker, Immunotherapy, Tumor microenvironment - TME

Published Open-Access

yes

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