Diet-omics in the Study of Urban and Rural Crohn disease Evolution (SOURCE) cohort

Authors

Tzipi Braun
Rui Feng
Amnon Amir
Nina Levhar
Hila Shacham
Ren Mao
Rotem Hadar
Itamar Toren
Yadid Algavi
Kathleen Abu-Saad
Shuoyu Zhuo
Gilat Efroni
Alona Malik
Orit Picard
Miri Yavzori
Bella Agranovich
Ta-Chiang Liu
Thaddeus S Stappenbeck
Lee Denson
Ofra Kalter-Leibovici
Eyal Gottlieb
Elhanan Borenstein
Eran Elinav
Minhu Chen
Shomron Ben-Horin
Yael Haberman

Publication Date

5-4-2024

Journal

Nature Communications

Abstract

Crohn disease (CD) burden has increased with globalization/urbanization, and the rapid rise is attributed to environmental changes rather than genetic drift. The Study Of Urban and Rural CD Evolution (SOURCE, n = 380) has considered diet-omics domains simultaneously to detect complex interactions and identify potential beneficial and pathogenic factors linked with rural-urban transition and CD. We characterize exposures, diet, ileal transcriptomics, metabolomics, and microbiome in newly diagnosed CD patients and controls in rural and urban China and Israel. We show that time spent by rural residents in urban environments is linked with changes in gut microbial composition and metabolomics, which mirror those seen in CD. Ileal transcriptomics highlights personal metabolic and immune gene expression modules, that are directly linked to potential protective dietary exposures (coffee, manganese, vitamin D), fecal metabolites, and the microbiome. Bacteria-associated metabolites are primarily linked with host immune modules, whereas diet-linked metabolites are associated with host epithelial metabolic functions.

Keywords

Crohn Disease, Humans, Diet, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Male, Female, China, Rural Population, Adult, Urban Population, Israel, Metabolomics, Cohort Studies, Middle Aged, Feces, Ileum, Transcriptome, Young Adult

Comments

Supplementary Materials

PMID: 38704361