Immunotherapy Targeting Different Immune Compartments in Combination With Radiation Therapy Induces Regression of Resistant Tumors

Authors

Nils-Petter Rudqvist
Maud Charpentier
Claire Lhuillier
Erik Wennerberg
Sheila Spada
Caroline Sheridan
Xi Kathy Zhou
Tuo Zhang
Silvia C Formenti
Jennifer S Sims
Alicia Alonso
Sandra Demaria

Publication Date

8-24-2023

Journal

Nature Communications

Abstract

Radiation therapy (RT) increases tumor response to CTLA-4 inhibition (CTLA4i) in mice and in some patients, yet deep responses are rare. To identify rational combinations of immunotherapy to improve responses we use models of triple negative breast cancer highly resistant to immunotherapy in female mice. We find that CTLA4i promotes the expansion of CD4+ T helper cells, whereas RT enhances T cell clonality and enriches for CD8+ T cells with an exhausted phenotype. Combination therapy decreases regulatory CD4+ T cells and increases effector memory, early activation and precursor exhausted CD8+ T cells. A combined gene signature comprising these three CD8+ T cell clusters is associated with survival in patients. Here we show that targeting additional immune checkpoints expressed by intratumoral T cells, including PD1, is not effective, whereas CD40 agonist therapy recruits resistant tumors into responding to the combination of RT and CTLA4i, indicating the need to target different immune compartments.

Keywords

Female, Animals, Mice, Humans, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Immunotherapy, CD40 Antigens, Combined Modality Therapy, Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms, Tumour immunology, Immunotherapy, Radiotherapy

Comments

Supplementary Materials

Data Availability Statement

PMID: 37620372